مورد عجیب تابو در ترجمه دیداری-شنیداری فارسی
طیفی از ایده‌ها
چکیده
سرعت رشد فناوری، بهویژه در حوزۀ وسایل ارتباطجمعی مانند فیلم، کاملاً مشهود است. این رشد سریع، ترجمه دیداری-شنیداری را به موضوعی جذاب در علم ترجمه تبدیل کرده است. تحقیق حاضر تأثیر معیارهای فرهنگ بومی و سیاست‌های شرکت‌های استخدامی مترجمان بر تصمیمات آنها در ترجمه تابو را بررسی میکند. در این مقاله، سه ترجمه متفاوت از فیلم من، دنیل بلیک بررسی شده است. این سه ترجمه عبارتند از: دوبله سازمان صدا و سیما، زیرنویس استفاده شده توسط یک شرکت رسانه تعاملی رسمی و در آخر، یک فَن‌ساب؛ یا بهعبارت دیگر، زیرنویسی که از سوی یک مترجم-هوادار آزاد و مستقل تولید شده است. طبقه‌بندی ارائهشده از سوی شریفی و دارچینیان (2009) در تعریف تابو از نگاه ایران معاصر بهعنوان چارچوب نظری این پژوهش انتخاب و مدل پیشنهادی خوش‌سلیقه و عامری (2014) برای ترجمه تابو نیز برای بررسی ترجمه‌ها بهکار گرفته شده است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان میدهد که موضوع تابو در ترجمه دیداری-شنیداری فارسی طیف وسیعی از نظرات و نگاه‌های ایدئولوژیک را شامل می‌شود که دو سر این طیف، دو نوع نگاه حداکثری را نمایندگی می‌کنند. چنین طیف کاملی از تصمیمات مترجمان در ترجمه دیداری-شنیداری فارسی یادآور دوگانه معروف یعنی بومی‌سازی و بیگانه‌گرایی در ترجمه است.
کلمات راهنما:
تابو, ترجمه دیداری-شنیداری, دوبله, فَن‌ساب, زیرنویسمراجع
Ameri, S., & Ghazizadeh, K. (2014). A norm-based analysis of swearing rendition in professional dubbing and non-professional subtitling from English into Persian. Research in English Language Pedagogy, 2(2), 78–96.
Ameri, S., & Khoshsaligheh, M. (2018). Exploring the attitudes and expectations of Iranian audiences in terms of professional dubbing into Persian. HERMES-Journal of Language and Communication in Business, (57), 175–193. doi:https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v0i57.106206
Arbab, S. (2012). بررسی و طبقه بندی دشواژه های رایج فارسی در تداول عام. [The study and the classification of Persian colloquial taboo words]. A Journal of Comparative Linguistic Researches, 2(4), 107–124.
Ávila-Cabrera, J. J. (2016). The subtitling of offensive and taboo language into Spanish of Inglourious Basterds. Babel, 62(2), 211–232. doi:https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.62.2.03avi
Baker, M., & Hochel, B. (2000). Dubbing. In M. Baker & K. Malmkjær (Eds.), Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies (pp. 74–76). London: Routledge.
Beseghi, M. (2016). WTF! Taboo language in TV series: An analysis of professional and amateur translation. Altre Modernità, 15, 215–231. doi:https://doi.org/10.13130/2035-7680/6859
Chaume, F. (2004). Synchronization in dubbing: A translational approach. In P. Orero (Ed.), Topics in Audiovisual Translation (pp. 35–52). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Chaume, F. (2013). The turn of audiovisual translation: New audiences and new technologies. Translation Spaces, 2(1), 105–123. doi: 10.1075/ts.2.06cha
Cintas, J. D., & Sánchez, P. M. (2006). Fansubs: Audiovisual translation in an amateur environment. The Journal of Specialised Translation, (6), 37–52.
Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., & Hyams, N. (2013). An introduction to language. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.
Gottlieb, H. (1992). Subtitling: A new university discipline. In C. Dollerup & A. Loddegaard (Eds.), Teaching translation and interpreting: Training, talent, and experience (pp. 161–169). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Gottlieb, H. (1997). Subtitles, translation & idioms. Center for Translation Studies and Lexicography, University of Copenhagen.
House, J. (2015). Translation quality assessment: Past and present. New York: Routledge.
I, Daniel Blake (2018a). Filimo Retrieved February 24, 2018, from https://www.filimo.com/m/7d1bH
I, Daniel Blake (2018b). Fajr International Film Festival (FIFF) Retrieved February 24, 2018, from http://fajriff.com/en/film/i-daniel-blake/
I, Daniel Blake (2016). (n.d.). SubtitlePedia. Retrieved May 15, 2018, from http://subtitlepedia.co/download/finish/17/14663
Ivarsson, J., & Carroll, M. (1998). Subtitling. Simrishamn: TransEdit.
Izwaini, S. (2014). Amateur translation in Arabic-speaking cyberspace. Perspectives, 22(1), 96–112. doi: 10.1080/0907676X.2012.721378
Khoshsaligheh, M., & Ameri, S. (2014). Translation of taboos in dubbed American crime movies into Persian. T&I Review, 4(2), 25–50.
Khoshsaligheh, M., & Ameri, S. (2016). Ideological considerations in official dubbing in Iran. Altre Modernità (15, Special Issue), 232–250. doi:https://doi.org/10.13130/2035-7680/6864
Khoshsaligheh, M., Ameri, S., & Mehdizadkhani, M. (2018). A socio-cultural study of taboo rendition in Persian fansubbing: An issue of resistance. Language and Intercultural Communication, 18(6), 663–680. doi: 10.1080/14708477.2017.1377211
Marashi, H., & Poursoltani, K. (2009). An analysis of Farsi into English subtitling strategies employed in Iranian feature films. Journal of Teaching English as a Foreign Language and Literature, 1(1), 15–29.
Massidda, S. (2015). Audiovisual translation in the digital age: The Italian fansubbing phenomenon. England: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Naficy, H. (2011). A social history of Iranian cinema: The Artisanal Era, 1897–1941 (Vol. 1). London: Duke University Press.
O'Brien, R. (Producer), & Loach, K. (Director) (2016). I, Daniel Blake [Motion Picture]. United Kingdom: Sixteen Films.
Robinson, D. (1996). Translation & taboo (First ed.): Northern Illinois University Press.
Robson, C. (2011). Real world research: A resource for users of social research methods in applied settings (3rd ed.). Chichester: Wiley.
Shariati, Z. (2013). Strategies for synchronization, lip-sync, and cultural adaptation in IRIB’s dubbing of “Due South” series. (Unpublished Master's thesis), University of Isfahan.
Sharifi, S., & Darchinian, F. (2009). بررسي نمود زباني تابو در ترجمه به فارسي و پيامد هاي آن. [Investigating the representation of taboo in translation into Persian and its consequences]. Linguistics and Khorasani Dialects, 1(1), 127–141.
Shuttleworth, M., & Cowie, M. (2014). Dictionary of translation studies. New York: Routledge.
Translation studies forum: Translation and censorship. (2011). Translation Studies, 4(3), 358–373. doi: 10.1080/14781700.2011.589657
Venuti, L. (1995). The Translator’s invisibility: A history of translation (2 ed.). London and New York: Routledge.
Wardhaugh, R. (2006). An introduction to sociolinguistics (Fifth ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Zhang, J., & Xiong, B. (2017). Audiovisual translation in a global context: mapping an ever-changing landscape. Perspectives, 25(4), 678–680. doi: 10.1080/0907676X.2016.1191593
Zhirafar, A. (2014). تاریخچه کامل دوبله فارسی در ایران: 1320 تا 1350 [A comprehensive history of dubbing into Persian in Iran: 1942–1972]. (Vol. 1). Tehran: Kule Poshti.
Ameri, S., & Khoshsaligheh, M. (2018). Exploring the attitudes and expectations of Iranian audiences in terms of professional dubbing into Persian. HERMES-Journal of Language and Communication in Business, (57), 175–193. doi:https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v0i57.106206
Arbab, S. (2012). بررسی و طبقه بندی دشواژه های رایج فارسی در تداول عام. [The study and the classification of Persian colloquial taboo words]. A Journal of Comparative Linguistic Researches, 2(4), 107–124.
Ávila-Cabrera, J. J. (2016). The subtitling of offensive and taboo language into Spanish of Inglourious Basterds. Babel, 62(2), 211–232. doi:https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.62.2.03avi
Baker, M., & Hochel, B. (2000). Dubbing. In M. Baker & K. Malmkjær (Eds.), Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies (pp. 74–76). London: Routledge.
Beseghi, M. (2016). WTF! Taboo language in TV series: An analysis of professional and amateur translation. Altre Modernità, 15, 215–231. doi:https://doi.org/10.13130/2035-7680/6859
Chaume, F. (2004). Synchronization in dubbing: A translational approach. In P. Orero (Ed.), Topics in Audiovisual Translation (pp. 35–52). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Chaume, F. (2013). The turn of audiovisual translation: New audiences and new technologies. Translation Spaces, 2(1), 105–123. doi: 10.1075/ts.2.06cha
Cintas, J. D., & Sánchez, P. M. (2006). Fansubs: Audiovisual translation in an amateur environment. The Journal of Specialised Translation, (6), 37–52.
Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., & Hyams, N. (2013). An introduction to language. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.
Gottlieb, H. (1992). Subtitling: A new university discipline. In C. Dollerup & A. Loddegaard (Eds.), Teaching translation and interpreting: Training, talent, and experience (pp. 161–169). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Gottlieb, H. (1997). Subtitles, translation & idioms. Center for Translation Studies and Lexicography, University of Copenhagen.
House, J. (2015). Translation quality assessment: Past and present. New York: Routledge.
I, Daniel Blake (2018a). Filimo Retrieved February 24, 2018, from https://www.filimo.com/m/7d1bH
I, Daniel Blake (2018b). Fajr International Film Festival (FIFF) Retrieved February 24, 2018, from http://fajriff.com/en/film/i-daniel-blake/
I, Daniel Blake (2016). (n.d.). SubtitlePedia. Retrieved May 15, 2018, from http://subtitlepedia.co/download/finish/17/14663
Ivarsson, J., & Carroll, M. (1998). Subtitling. Simrishamn: TransEdit.
Izwaini, S. (2014). Amateur translation in Arabic-speaking cyberspace. Perspectives, 22(1), 96–112. doi: 10.1080/0907676X.2012.721378
Khoshsaligheh, M., & Ameri, S. (2014). Translation of taboos in dubbed American crime movies into Persian. T&I Review, 4(2), 25–50.
Khoshsaligheh, M., & Ameri, S. (2016). Ideological considerations in official dubbing in Iran. Altre Modernità (15, Special Issue), 232–250. doi:https://doi.org/10.13130/2035-7680/6864
Khoshsaligheh, M., Ameri, S., & Mehdizadkhani, M. (2018). A socio-cultural study of taboo rendition in Persian fansubbing: An issue of resistance. Language and Intercultural Communication, 18(6), 663–680. doi: 10.1080/14708477.2017.1377211
Marashi, H., & Poursoltani, K. (2009). An analysis of Farsi into English subtitling strategies employed in Iranian feature films. Journal of Teaching English as a Foreign Language and Literature, 1(1), 15–29.
Massidda, S. (2015). Audiovisual translation in the digital age: The Italian fansubbing phenomenon. England: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Naficy, H. (2011). A social history of Iranian cinema: The Artisanal Era, 1897–1941 (Vol. 1). London: Duke University Press.
O'Brien, R. (Producer), & Loach, K. (Director) (2016). I, Daniel Blake [Motion Picture]. United Kingdom: Sixteen Films.
Robinson, D. (1996). Translation & taboo (First ed.): Northern Illinois University Press.
Robson, C. (2011). Real world research: A resource for users of social research methods in applied settings (3rd ed.). Chichester: Wiley.
Shariati, Z. (2013). Strategies for synchronization, lip-sync, and cultural adaptation in IRIB’s dubbing of “Due South” series. (Unpublished Master's thesis), University of Isfahan.
Sharifi, S., & Darchinian, F. (2009). بررسي نمود زباني تابو در ترجمه به فارسي و پيامد هاي آن. [Investigating the representation of taboo in translation into Persian and its consequences]. Linguistics and Khorasani Dialects, 1(1), 127–141.
Shuttleworth, M., & Cowie, M. (2014). Dictionary of translation studies. New York: Routledge.
Translation studies forum: Translation and censorship. (2011). Translation Studies, 4(3), 358–373. doi: 10.1080/14781700.2011.589657
Venuti, L. (1995). The Translator’s invisibility: A history of translation (2 ed.). London and New York: Routledge.
Wardhaugh, R. (2006). An introduction to sociolinguistics (Fifth ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Zhang, J., & Xiong, B. (2017). Audiovisual translation in a global context: mapping an ever-changing landscape. Perspectives, 25(4), 678–680. doi: 10.1080/0907676X.2016.1191593
Zhirafar, A. (2014). تاریخچه کامل دوبله فارسی در ایران: 1320 تا 1350 [A comprehensive history of dubbing into Persian in Iran: 1942–1972]. (Vol. 1). Tehran: Kule Poshti.
چاپ‌شده
2019-01-03
ارجاع به مقاله
رضوانی سیچانی ب., & افروز م. (2019). مورد عجیب تابو در ترجمه دیداری-شنیداری فارسی: طیفی از ایده‌ها. فصلنامه مطالعات ترجمه ایران, 16(63), 23–38. Retrieved از https://journal.translationstudies.ir/ts/article/view/633
شماره
نوع مقاله
مقاله علمی-پژوهشی
مجوز
Copyright Licensee: Iranian Journal of Translation Studies. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license).
