نمایاندنِ امرِ به حاشیه رانده¬شده: ترجمه به و از زبان کردی در ایران در دورۀ پهلوی (1304–1357)
چکیده
از دیرباز ترجمه به زبان فارسی، به عنوان زبان رسمی ایران، در کانون توجهِ پژوهشهای تاریخ ترجمه در ایران بوده است و تاریخ ترجمۀ زبانهای دیگر در کشور نادیده گرفته شده است. در حالی که برای ارائه شرحی جامع از تاریخ ترجمه در ایران به عنوان کشوری چندزبانه، به جای یک تاریخ ترجمه، «چندین تاریخ ترجمه» را باید مدنظر قرار داد. مطالعۀ حاضر با به کارگیری روش تحقیق تاریخی و نظریۀ ماکرو-پلیسیستم به بررسی تاریخ ترجمۀ کردی در ایران در دورههای پهلوی اول و دوم (۱۹۲۵–۱۹۷۹) پرداخته است تا به دو پرسش پاسخ دهد: چه آثاری در این دوره به و از زبان کردی ترجمه شدهاند؟ و سیاستهای رژیم پهلوی چه تأثیری بر تحولات ترجمه کردی در این دوره گذاشته است؟ یافته های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که در دورۀ پهلوی اول، فقط یک اثر ترجمه شده به زبان کردی منتشر شده است و در دورۀ پهلوی دوم پنج ترجمه به زبان کردی و هشت ترجمه از زبان کردی در ایران انتشار یافته است. نتایج نشان می دهد که ترجمه کردی در دورۀ پهلوی تحت تأثیر مستقیم سیاستهای ایدئولوژیک، سیاسی و زبانی رژیم که ملیگرایی، مرکزیسازی و فارسیسازی را ترویج میداد، کاملاً به حاشیه رانده شده است.
مراجع
Abrahamian, E. (2008). A history of modern Iran. Cambridge University Press.
Amanat, A. (2017). Iran: A modern history. Yale University Press.
Azadibougar, O. (2010). Translation historiography in the modern world: Modernization and translation into Persian. Target, 22(2), 298–329. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.22.2.06aza
Azadibougar, O., & Haddadian-Moghaddam, E. (2019). The Persian tradition. In Y. Gambier & U. Stecconi (Eds.), A world atlas of translation (pp. 149–168). John Benjamins.
Chang, N. F. (2000). Towards a macro-polysystem hypothesis. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 8(2), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2000.9961378
Chang, N. F. (2001). Polysystem theory: Its prospect as a framework for translation research. Target, 13(2), 317–332. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.13.2.07cha
Dalyan, M. G. (2017). The studies of missionaries' Kurdish Bible and its effects on Kurdish nationalism. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 19, 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17121/ressjournal.846
Farahzad, F., & Sanjarani, A. (2023). Book publication and translation policy making in Iran: The role of Franklin Publishing House. Iranian Journal of Translation Studies, 21(82). https://journal.translationstudies.ir/ts/article/view/1073
Gawhari, H. (2004). Komeley Jianawey Kurdistan. Aras.
Ghaderi, F., & Scalbert-Yücel, C. (2021). An etat présent of the Kurdish literature in English translation. The Translator, 27(2), 150–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2021.1872196
Haddadian-Moghaddam, E. (2014). Literary translation in modern Iran: A sociological study. John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.114
Hassanpour, A. (1992). Nationalism and language in Kurdistan, 1918–1985. Mellen Research University Press.
Hassanpour, A., Sheyholislami, J., & Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (2012). Kurdish: Linguicide, resistance, and hope. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 217, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2012-0047
Higgins, P. J. (1984). Minority-state relations in contemporary Iran. Iranian Studies, 17(1), 37–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/00210868408701621
Long, L. (2007). History and Translation. In P. Kuhiwczak & K. Littau (Eds.), A companion to translation studies (pp. 63–76). Multilingual Matters.
McCants, E. N. (2009). Kurdish. In G. Windfuhr (Ed.), The Iranian languages (pp. 587–633). Routledge.
McCants, W., & Milani, K. (2004). The history and provenance of an early manuscript of the Nuqtat al-kaf dated 1268. Iranian Studies, 37(3), 431–449. https://doi.org/10.1080/0021086042000287523
Miraki, M., & Noushmand, N. (2022). Literary translation flow from Kurdish into Persian between 1997 and 2021: A sociological study. Iranian Journal of Translation Studies, 20(78), 13–28. https://journal.translationstudies.ir/ts/article/view/991
Mollanazar, H. (2019a). Genealogy of translation in Iran (1): Before the emergence of Islam, Gondoshapour (Vol. 1). Tarjomeh-Pazhouhan.
Mollanazar, H. (2019b). Genealogy of translation in Iran (2): From the emergence of Islam to the Mogol invasion, Bayt al-Hikmah (Vol. 2). Tarjomeh-Pazhouhan.
Mollanazar, H. (2019c). Genealogy of translation in Iran (3): From Mongol invasion to Qajar era, Maragheh observatory (Vol. 3). Tarjomeh-Pazhouhan.
Mollanazar, H. (2019d). Genealogy of translation in Iran (4): From Qajar era to Islamic revolution, Dar al-Fonoun (Vol. 4). Tarjomeh-Pazhouhan.
Moradi, S. (2020). Languages of Iran: Overview and critical assessment. In S. D. Brunn & R. Kehrein (Eds.), Handbook of the changing world language map (pp. 1172–1202).
Mozafari, F. (2018). On translating Kurdish into Persian. Nashr-e Elm Publishing.
Nariman, M. (1988). Bibliography of two hundred years of Kurdish books (1787–1986). Dezgay Roshnbiri u Bilawkirdinewey Kurdi.
Pirbal, F. (1999). Bible in the history of Kurdish literature (187–1957): The early emergence of Kurdish prose. Ashti Press.
Pirbal, F. (2002). The history of translation in Kurdish literature (from the beginning of 1932). Wezareti Perwerde Press.
Rasouli, H., Dehghani, R., & Karimi, A. R. (2017). The first Pahlavi’s language policies in Kurdistan and its implications (With an emphasis on schools). Cultural History Studies, 8(30), 77–96. http://chistorys.ir/article-1-875-en.html
Rzepka, M. (2009). Protestants among Kurds and some problems of translations of the Bible into Kurdish in the 19th century. Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia, 1, 87–94. https://doi.org/10.15633/ochc.1005
Rzepka, M. (2014). Text, religion, society. The modern Kurdish Bible translations in the context of the socio-political changes in Kurdistan. In K. Omarkhali (Ed.), Religious minorities in Kurdistan: Beyond the mainstream (pp. 353–359). Harrassowitz Verlag.
Rzepka, M. (2015). Unthinkable translation, conversion and the Kurdish soul: Said Khan Kurdistani’s response to Christianity. Bulletin of Kurdish Studies, 7–8, 4–14.
Rzepka, M. (2018). Translation, power, and domination: The postcolonial explorations of the Bible in the Kurdish context. In J. Bocheńska (Ed.), Rediscovering Kurdistan’s cultures and identities: The call of the cricket (pp. 187–212). Palgrave Macmillan.
Sanaee, K., & Rasouli, H. (2022). Mission of Kurdistan: Investigating the activities of American Lutheran missionaries in Saujblag Mukri (from 1911 AD/1290 SH to 1937 AD/1316 SH) (Based on the contents of Kurdistan Journal). Historical Studies, 13(2), 47–79. https://doi.org/10.30465/hcs.2022.42087.2656
Shaje'i, R. (2006). East library: A bibliography of Kurdish books in eastern Kurdistan. Zhin Publication.
Sheyholislami, J. (2012). Kurdish in Iran: A case of restricted and controlled tolerance. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 217, 19–47. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2012-0048
Sheyholislami, J. (2019). Language as a problem: Language policy and language rights in Kurdistan-Iran. Etudes Kurdes, December, 99–134.
Sheyholislami, J. (2021). The history and development of literary central Kurdish. In H. Bozarslan, C. Gunes, & V. Yadirgi (Eds.), The Cambridge history of the Kurds (pp. 633–662). Cambridge University Press.
Downloads
چاپشده
Versions
- 2024-05-11 (2)
- 2024-05-11 (1)
ارجاع به مقاله
شماره
نوع مقاله
DOR
مجوز
حق نشر 2024 Serveh Menbari, Farzaneh Farahzad
این پروژه تحت مجوز بین المللی Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 می باشد.
Copyright Licensee: Iranian Journal of Translation Studies. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license).